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Case Study: SWOT Analysis Read the following Case Study about Skoda…
Case Study: SWOT Analysis
Read the following Case Study about Skoda Auto (see the attached article). After studying the information, answer the following questions.
What was the key weakness that Skoda was able to identify?
What strength did Skoda use to turn its brand weakness into an opportunity?
How has Skoda strategically addressed external threats?
If you were working in the UK for one of Skoda’s competitors (Honda or Toyota for example), how would the information from this SWOT analysis (Skoda’s) help your company? Discuss at least TWO ways that the SWOT analysis would be of benefit to your company.
Swot Analysis in Action
In 1895 in Czechoslovakia, two keen cyclists, Vaclav Laurin and Vaclav Klement, designed and produced their own bicycle. Their business became Skoda in 1925. Skoda went on to manufacture cycles, cars, farm ploughs, and airplanes in Eastern Europe. Skoda overcame hard times over the next 65 years. These included war, economic depression, and political change.
By 1990 the Czech management of Skoda was looking for a strong foreign partner. Volkswagen AG (VAG) was chosen because of its reputation for strength, quality, and reliability. It is the largest car manufacturer in Europe providing an average of more than five million cars a year giving it a 12% share of the world car market.
Volkswagen AG comprises the Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda, SEAT, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Lamborghini, Bentley, and Bugatti brands. Each brand has its own specific character and is independent in the market. Skoda UK sells Skoda cars through its network of independent franchised dealers.
To improve its performance in the competitive car market, Skoda UK’s management needed to assess its brand positioning. Brand positioning means establishing a distinctive image for the brand compared to competing brands. Only then could it grow from being a small player. To aid its decision-making, Skoda UK obtained market research data from internal and external strategic audits. This enabled it to take advantage of new opportunities and respond to threats.
The audit provided a summary of the business’s overall strategic position by using a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym that stands for:
Strengths The internal elements of the business that contribute to improvement and growth.
Weaknesses The attributes that will hinder a business or make it vulnerable to failure.
Opportunities The external conditions that could enable future growth.
Threats The external factors which could negatively affect the business.
This case study focuses on how Skoda UK’s management built on all the areas of the strategic audit. The outcome of the SWOT analysis was a strategy for effective competition in the car industry.
Strengths
To identify its strengths, Skoda UK carried out some research. It asked customers directly for their opinions about its cars. It also used reliable independent surveys that tested customers’ feelings.
For example, the annual JD Power customer satisfaction survey asks owners what they feel about cars they have owned for at least six months. JD Power surveys almost 20,000 car owners using detailed questionnaires. Skoda has been in the top five manufacturers in this survey for the past 13 years.
In Top Gear’s 2007 customer satisfaction survey, 56,000 viewers gave their opinions on 152 models and voted Skoda the ‘number 1 car maker’. Skoda’s Octavia model has also won the 2008 Auto Express Driver Power Best Car.
Skoda attributes these results to the business concentrating on owner experience rather than on sales. It has considered ‘the human touch’ from design through to sale. Skoda knows that 98% of its drivers would recommend Skoda to a friend. This is a clearly identifiable and quantifiable strength. Skoda uses this to guide its future strategic development and marketing of its brand image.
Strategic management guides a business so that it can compete and grow in its market. Skoda adopted a strategy focused on building cars that their owners would enjoy. This is different from simply maximizing sales of a product.
As a result, Skoda’s biggest strength was the satisfaction of its customers. This means the brand is associated with a quality product and happy customers.
Weaknesses
A SWOT analysis identifies areas of weakness inside the business. Skoda UK’s analysis showed that in order to grow it needed to address key questions about the brand position. Skoda has only a 1.7% market share. This made it a very small player in the market for cars. The main issue it needed to address was: how did Skoda fit into this highly competitive, fragmented market?
Perceptions of the Brand: This weakness was partly due to outdated perceptions of the brand. These related to Skoda’s eastern European origins. In the past, the cars had an image of poor vehicle quality, design, assembly, and materials. Crucially, this poor perception also affected Skoda owners. For many people, car ownership is all about image. If you are a Skoda driver, what do other people think?
From 1999 onwards, under Volkswagen AG ownership, Skoda changed this negative image. Skoda cars were no longer seen as low-budget or low quality. However, a brand ‘health check’ in 2006 showed that Skoda still had a weak and neutral image in the mid-market range it occupies, compared to other players in this area, for example, Ford, Peugeot and Renault. This meant that, whilst the brand no longer had a poor image, it did not have a strong appeal either.
Change of Direction: This understanding showed Skoda in which direction it needed to go. It needed to stop being defensive in promotional campaigns. The company had sought to correct old perceptions and demonstrate what Skoda cars were not. It realised it was now time to say what the brand does stand for.
The marketing message for the change was simple: Skoda owners were known to be happy and content with their cars. The car-buying public and the car industry as a whole needed convincing that Skoda cars were great to own and drive.
Opportunities and Threats
Opportunities: Opportunities occur in the external environment of a business. These include for example, gaps in the market for new products or services. In analysing the external market, Skoda noted that its competitors’ marketing approaches focused on the product itself. Many brands place emphasis on the machine and the driving experience:
Audi emphasises the technology through its strapline, “Vorsprung Durch Technik” (‘advantage through technology’).
BMW promotes “the ultimate driving machine”.
Skoda UK discovered that its customers loved their cars more than owners of competitor brands, such as Renault or Ford.
Differentiation: Information from the SWOT analysis helped Skoda to differentiate its product range. Having a complete understanding of the brand’s weaknesses allowed it to develop a strategy to strengthen the brand and take advantage of the opportunities in the market.
It focused on its existing strengths and provided cars focused on the customer experience. The focus on ‘happy Skoda customers’ is an opportunity. It enables Skoda to differentiate the Skoda brand to make it stand out from the competition. This is Skoda’s unique selling proposition (USP) in the motor industry.
Threats: Threats come from outside of a business. These involve for example, a competitor launching cheaper products. A careful analysis of the nature, source and likelihood of these threats is a key part of the SWOT process.
The UK car market includes 50 different car makers selling 200 models. Within these there are over 2,000 model derivatives. Skoda UK needed to ensure that its messages were powerful enough for customers to hear within such a crowded and competitive environment. If not, potential buyers would overlook Skoda. This posed the threat of a further loss of market share. Skoda needed a strong product range to compete in the UK and globally.
In the UK the Skoda brand is represented by seven different cars. Each one is designed to appeal to different market segments. For example:
the Skoda Fabia is sold as a basic but quality ‘city car’
the Skoda Superb offers a more luxurious, ‘up-market’ appeal
the Skoda Octavia Estate provides a family with a fun drive but also a great big boot.
Pricing reflects the competitive nature of Skoda’s market. Each model range is priced to appeal to different groups within the mainstream car market. The combination of a clear range with competitive pricing has overcome the threat of the crowded market.
Environmental Constraints: The following example illustrates how Skoda responded to another of its threats, namely, the need to respond to EU legal and environmental regulations. Skoda responded by designing products that are environmentally friendly at every stage of their life cycle. For example:-
recycling as much as possible. Skoda parts are marked for quick and easy identification when the car is taken apart.
using the latest, most environmentally-friendly manufacturing technologies and facilities available. For instance, painting areas to protect against corrosion using lead-free, water-based colours.
designing processes to cut fuel consumption and emissions in petrol and diesel engines. These use lighter parts making vehicles as aerodynamic as possible to use less energy.
using technology to design cars with lower noise levels and improved sound quality.
Outcomes and Benefits of SWOT Analysis
Skoda UK’s SWOT analysis answered some key questions. It discovered that:
Skoda car owners were happy about owning a Skoda
the brand was no longer seen as a poorer version of competitors’ cars.
However:
the brand was still very much within a niche market
a change in public perception was vital for Skoda to compete and increase its market share of the mainstream car market.
The challenge was how to build on this and develop the brand so that it was viewed positively. It required a whole new marketing strategy.
Unique selling proposition: Skoda UK has responded with a new marketing strategy based on the confident slogan, “the manufacturer of happy drivers”.
The campaign’s promotional activities support the new brand position. The key messages for the campaign focus on the ‘happy’ customer experience and appeal at an emotional rather than a practical level. The campaign includes:
the ‘Fabia Cake’ TV advert. This showed that the car was ‘full of lovely stuff’ with the happy music (‘Favourite things’) in the background.
an improved and redesigned website which is easy and fun to use. This is to appeal to a young audience. It embodies the message ‘experience the happiness of Skoda online’.
Customers are able to book test drives and order brochures online. The result is that potential customers will feel a Skoda is not only a reliable and sensible car to own, but it is also ‘lovely’ to own.
Analyzing the external opportunities and threats allows Skoda UK to pinpoint precisely how it should target its marketing messages. No other market player has ‘driver happiness’ as its USP.
By building on the understanding derived from the SWOT, Skoda UK has given new impetus to its campaign. At the same time, the campaign has addressed the threat of external competition by setting Skoda apart from its rivals.
Conclusion
Skoda is a global brand offering a range of products in a highly competitive and fragmented market. The company must respond positively to internal and external issues to avoid losing sales and market share.
A SWOT analysis brings order and structure to otherwise random information. The SWOT model helps managers to look internally as well as externally. The information derived from the analysis gives direction to the strategy. It highlights the key internal weaknesses in a business, focuses on strengths, and alerts managers to opportunities and threats.
Skoda was able to identify where it had strengths to compete. The structured review of internal and external factors helped transform Skoda UK’s strategic direction.
The case study shows how Skoda UK transformed its brand image in the eyes of potential customers and built its competitive edge over its rivals. By developing a marketing strategy playing on clearly identified strengths of customer happiness, Skoda was able to overcome weaknesses. It turned its previously defensive position of the brand into a positive customer-focused experience.
The various awards Skoda has won demonstrate how its communications are reaching customers. Improved sales show that Skoda UK’s new strategy has delivered benefits.
