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Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the way we interact with technology and the world around us. By connecting everyday objects and devices to the internet, IoT has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of society, including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, urban living and more to be explained. This article explores the transformative impact of IoT on society, discussing its benefits, challenges, and potential future developments. Through an in-depth analysis, it becomes evident that the IoT holds immense promise for enhancing efficiency, improving quality of life, and promoting sustainability. However, careful attention must be paid to issues such as privacy, security, and ethical considerations to ensure a responsible and inclusive implementation of IoT technologies.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity capabilities that enable them to collect and exchange data. This interconnectedness allows for seamless communication and collaboration between devices, leading to an intelligent and interconnected ecosystem. As IoT technologies continue to evolve, their impact on society is becoming increasingly evident. This article explores the potential ways in which the IoT might change society, focusing on its transformative effects across various sectors.
Healthcare: The healthcare sector stands to benefit significantly from IoT advancements. Through wearable devices, remote monitoring, and real-time data collection, IoT can enable personalized healthcare, early disease detection, and improved patient outcomes. From smart implants to telemedicine and remote patient monitoring systems, IoT has the potential to revolutionize the way healthcare services are delivered, enhancing accessibility, and reducing costs.
Transportation: IoT has the power to revolutionize transportation systems, making them more efficient, safe, and sustainable. With the integration of IoT sensors and connectivity, vehicles can communicate with each other and infrastructure, leading to improved traffic management, reduced congestion, and enhanced road safety. Furthermore, IoT can facilitate the development of autonomous vehicles, transforming the way we travel and commute.
While there’s no exact timeline for autonomous vehicles to become a reality in our daily lives, it’s clear that it’s a puzzle that several technology and manufacturing companies want to solve. However, it may take longer than anticipated. According to one estimate from the Rand Corporation, autonomous vehicles must travel 275 million miles without a fatality for them to be considered safe enough to be marketable.
Manufacturing: The industrial sector is another area where IoT is poised to bring about significant changes. Through the concept of the Industrial Internet of Things, factories and manufacturing processes can become more intelligent, efficient, and productive. IoT technologies enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and supply chain optimization, leading to reduced downtime, enhanced productivity, and cost savings.
Urban Living: IoT has the potential to create smart cities, where interconnected devices and sensors facilitate efficient resource management, energy conservation, and improved quality of life. Smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, and automated waste management are just a few examples of how IoT can transform urban environments. By optimizing resource allocation, reducing waste, and enhancing sustainability, IoT can create more livable and environmentally friendly cities.
Consumer Health & Fitness: Do you own a Fitbit, Apple Watch or some other wearable device? If so, then you likely know the benefits of using IoT to track daily activities like sleeping patterns, heart rate, activity, calories and more. Scientists have even developed wearable blood sugar monitors to help people with diabetes.
Digital Medicine & Research: From hospital equipment that records and monitors every bodily function to surgical robots, the possible applications of IoT in healthcare are astounding. With the opportunity to have access to real-time field data, testing and analysis, research is one of the most anticipated applications for IoT. No more issues with timely reporting from flawed human beings or waiting for data to be compiled.
Smart Supply Chains: While supply chains have already strongly benefitted from IoT technology, there is still a lot of room left for improvement. Manufacturing equipment can be set to self-adjust based on important factors like pressure, temperature, and the limits of the equipment itself. Analysis of workflow can lead to safer work conditions and improved processes. Inventory management with IoT will provide more reliable tracking and allow managers to give better estimates for the delivery of goods.
Smart Buildings/Homes While we’re not quite in a place where smart homes are affordable for everyone, there are components available that can ease our everyday lives. Smart appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines can text you when you’re low on milk or tell you when your clothes are dry. And a smart building that manages systems like heating and cooling or window shades can help conserve energy and save money.
Fire Detection: Quite often, by the time a forest fire is detected, there is little to no hope of containing it quickly. Companies like IBM are investing in technology to detect the signs of a possible forest fire by tracking smoke patterns, heat spikes and variations in light.
Smart Cities: As more people move into major metropolitan areas, the need for them to become more efficient has never been more vital. IoT technology can help with a variety of those challenges, including regulating lighting, elevators, energy conservation, and improving fire prevention/detection and tracking alternative transportation methods. Smart cities are also more sustainable by managing water use and reducing electricity use and heat production that lower greenhouse emissions by up to 15%.
Pros and Cons of IoT
Pros:
I). Easily Accessible
You may use the Internet of Things for various purposes, but most of them occur in real-time.
All you need is an internet-connected smartphone. When these two are together, you and your life become smarter.
ii). Communication
Better communication over a network of interconnected devices is conceivable, making it more visible and reducing inefficiencies.
Machines must communicate with one another to be significantly more efficient and yield better, faster outcomes.
A machine in a manufacturing or production unit is an excellent illustration of this.
iii). It saves money.
IoT allows electrical items to connect, conserve and saving money and energy properly.
IoT improves the efficiency of our systems by allowing data to be exchanged and transferred across electronic devices and then translated into the format we want.
iv). Access to Information
In real-time, you may readily access data and information located distant from your location.
This is feasible because of the network of gadgets, which allows a person to access any information from anywhere on the planet.
This makes it very easy for people to go on with their job even when they are not physically there.
Cons:
I). Job Cuts
The necessity for human labor will be greatly reduced when every task is mechanized. This will have an immediate effect on employability.
As we go towards the future of IoT, there will be a noticeable decrease in the employment of specialists.
ii). Security and privacy
With the advancement of IoT devices, security has become a major worry. IoT security involves device safety and the safeguarding of software applications and network interactions.
You may impact consumer and corporate trust if security problems are not addressed, preventing IoT from realizing its full potential.
iii). Dependability
We may not see it, but we are experiencing a significant transition in technology and its use in our daily lives.
There is no question that technology influences our way of life, reflecting our reliance on technology. If there is a problem in the system, there is a good possibility that every associated device will be corrupted
How the IoT changes the way we work.
As IoT technology becomes further embedded in our work lives and grows more sophisticated, workplaces will have to adjust. Here are some ways IoT will affect how we work.
1. IoT will produce even more data.
The Internet of Things will be a data machine. This means companies will have to rethink how they collect and analyze information. Decision-makers will have to learn and adapt to a new form of data intelligence, and the amount and type of information IoT produces will create new and expanded roles for data analysts, strategists and customer service professionals.
“Companies will have access to an enormous flood of data that all these connected devices will generate,” said Mary J. Cronin, professor at Boston College’s Carroll School of Management and author of Smart Products, Smarter Services: Strategies for Embedded Control. “But that data needs to be analyzed [so we can] understand more about customers and trends. Companies will need to start using IoT data as part of their planning to stay competitive and to offer innovative new services and products.”
2. IoT will make location tracking easier.
“IoT has the potential to make the workplace life and business processes much more productive and efficient,” Cronin said.
One significant way IoT will increase productivity and efficiency is by making location tracking and location-based services seamless and straightforward. As is currently done in hospitals, internet-connected equipment and devices will all be geographically tagged, saving workers time hunting things down and saving money by reducing the loss rate?
“Companies can track every aspect of their business, from managing inventory and fulfilling orders as quickly as possible to locating and deploying field service staff,” Cronin said. “Tools and factories and vehicles will all be connected and reporting their locations.”
3. IoT will help us get places faster.
IoT is the next big thing in your daily commute. The interconnectivity of mobile devices, cars and the road you drive on will help reduce travel time, enabling you to get to work faster or run errands in record time.
Today, the “connected car” is just the start of IoT capabilities. “AT&T, together with automotive manufacturers such as GM and BMW, are adding LTE connectivity to the car and creating new connected services, such as real-time traffic information and real-time diagnostics for the front seat and infotainment for those in the back seat,” said Makaria Naime, former vice president of marketing at Jasper Wireless, a machine-to-machine (M2M) platform provider.
In the future, IoT will integrate everything from streets to stoplights.
“Imagine a world in which a city’s infrastructure installed roadside sensors, whose data could be used to analyze traffic patterns around the city and adjust traffic light operations to minimize or perhaps eliminate traffic jams,” Naime said. “This could save a few minutes, if not hours, of our day.”
4. IoT will foster cheaper, greener manufacturing.
Thanks to the IoT, device interconnectivity will facilitate the adoption of “smart grid” technologies, using meters, sensors, and other digital tools to control the energy flow while integrating alternative sources of power, such as solar and wind.
“The Internet of Things will drastically lower costs in the manufacturing business by reducing wastage, consumption of fuel, and the discarding of economically unviable assets,” Naime said. “IoT can also improve the efficiency of energy production and transmission and can further reduce emissions by facilitating the switch to renewables.”
5. IoT will enable completely remote mobile device management.
IT departments may have remote access to computers and mobile devices, but IoT will also enable remote control of other internet-connected devices, said Roy Bachar, founder and former chief executive officer of MNH Innovations and member of the Internet of Things Council.
Bachar, who has also worked with Communitive, a startup that provides remote-access technology, says the cutting-edge technology that has given them complete control over smartphones and tablets now allows remote management over other devices, including Android cameras and set-top boxes.
Soon mobile device management technologies will extend to IoT device remote management, introducing changes for IT departments and IoT-connected employees.
“It’s clear that the telecommunication giants will play a major role in the IoT domain, and they are all introducing solutions,” Bachar said.
6. IoT will help you save time and get more out of your day.
Other than controlling other IoT devices, your smartphone will also be much like a remote control for your life, said Brendan Richardson, co-founder and former chief executive officer of Ever active (formerly Sikich), a startup that develops IoT wireless sensors.
One of the most convenient aspects of IoT is that you have devices that “know” you and will allow you to get in and out of places and conduct transactions faster using a mobile device.
“The iPhone or Android will increasingly interact with a whole range of sensors that you never see and don’t own, but which provide your smartphone with valuable information and act on your behalf through an app,” Richardson said.
With these sensors, even getting your morning coffee won’t need to mean waiting in line. For instance, wireless sensors could detect when you walk into a Starbucks and alert the barista of your likely order based on your order history. You could then confirm or choose a different order, then pay for it using your phone, Richardson said.
7. With IoT, you may have to work harder.
IoT may make workers’ lives easier on many levels, but Richardson said IoT also means significant changes in every industry.
“Every business and every industry will be disrupted over the next 30 years,” Richardson said. “We’re seeing this now beginning with the regular old internet. It’s being driven by data and large-scale efficiencies when you convert something to bits rather than atoms.”
Richardson cited the evolution of movie rentals as an example.
“Netflix destroyed Blockbuster by using the internet to vastly improve the logistics of exchanging DVDs and removing pesky late fees. Then they converted the atoms of a DVD into bits and deliver [movies] over broadband now. [You get] more movies on demand and lower costs. And an entire industry – the DVD rental business – is consigned to the archive of history.”
Richardson said such disruptions will happen in every industry, so companies and their employees must be prepared.
The IoT and career opportunities.
Each time there is a technological revolution, older jobs are replaced with new ones that require new skills. The benefits of acquiring skills related to the IoT are endless. The more you know about the technology and can work within it, the better poised you are to seize lucrative IoT career opportunities.
Organizations in every sector are looking to fill positions that require IoT skills, especially in manufacturing and cybersecurity. Millions of jobs will be needed to deliver applications and business services to the IoT. Hundreds of thousands of them are entry-level. In short, it’s a massive opportunity for all levels of skill and expertise.
Why is IoT important?
The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their systems really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of machines to supply chain and logistics operations.
IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts down on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions.
As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life, and it will continue to pick up steam as more businesses realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive.
What are the benefits of IoT to organizations?
The internet of things offers several benefits to organizations. Some benefits are industry-specific, and some are applicable across multiple industries. Some of the common benefits of IoT enable businesses to:
monitor their overall business processes.
improve the customer experience (CX);
save time and money.
enhance employee productivity.
integrate and adapt business models.
make better business decisions; and
generate more revenue.
IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses and gives them the tools to improve their business strategies.
Generally, IoT is most abundant in manufacturing, transportation and utility organizations, making use of sensors and other IoT devices; however, it has also found use cases for organizations within the agriculture, infrastructure and home automation industries, leading some organizations toward digital transformation.
IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job easier. Sensors can collect data on rainfall, humidity, temperature and soil content, as well as other factors that would help automate farming techniques.
The ability to monitor operations surrounding infrastructure is also a factor that IoT can help with. Sensors, for example, could be used to monitor events or changes within structural buildings, bridges and other infrastructure. This brings benefits with it, such as cost saving, saved time, quality-of-life workflow changes and paperless workflow.
A home automation business can utilize IoT to monitor and manipulate mechanical and electrical systems in a building. On a broader scale, smart cities can help citizens reduce waste and energy consumption.
IoT touches every industry, including businesses within healthcare, finance, retail and manufacturing.
What are the pros and cons of IoT?
Some of the advantages of IoT include the following:
ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device.
improved communication between connected electronic devices.
transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and money; and
automating tasks help to improve the quality of a business’s services and reduce the need for human intervention.
Some disadvantages of IoT include the following:
As the number of connected devices increases and more information is shared between devices, the potential that a hacker could steal confidential information also increases.
Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers — maybe even millions — of IoT devices, and collecting and managing the data from all those devices will be challenging.
If there’s a bug in the system, it’s likely that every connected device will become corrupted.
Since there’s no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it’s difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other.
IoT standards and frameworks
There are several emerging IoT standards, including the following:
IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) is an open standard defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force. The 6LoWPAN standard enables any low-power radio to communicate to the internet, including 804.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy and Z-Wave (for home automation).
ZigBee is a low-power, low-data rate wireless network used mainly in industrial settings. ZigBee is based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard. The ZigBee Alliance created Dot, the universal language for IoT that enables smart objects to work securely on any network and understand each other.
LiteOS is a Unix-like operating system (OS) for wireless sensor networks. LiteOS supports smartphones, wearables, intelligent manufacturing applications, smart homes and the internet of vehicles. The OS also serves as a smart device development platform.
OneM2M is a machine-to-machine service layer that can be embedded in software and hardware to connect devices. The global standardization body, One machine to machine, was created to develop reusable standards to enable IoT applications across different verticals to communicate.
Data Distribution Service (DDS) was developed by the Object Management Group (OMG) and is an IoT standard for real-time, scalable and high-performance M2M communication.
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol is an open source published standard for asynchronous messaging by wire. AMQP enables encrypted and interoperable messaging between organizations and applications. The protocol is used in client-server messaging and in IoT device management.
Constrained Application Protocol is a protocol designed by the IETF that specifies how low-power, compute-constrained devices can operate in the internet of things.
Long Range Wide Area Network is a protocol for WANs designed to support huge networks, such as smart cities, with millions of low-power devices.
IoT frameworks include the following:
Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT is a cloud computing platform for IoT released by Amazon. This framework is designed to enable smart devices to easily connect and securely interact with the AWS cloud and other connected devices.
Arm Mbed IoT is a platform to develop apps for IoT based on Arm microcontrollers. The goal of the Arm Mbed IoT platform is to provide a scalable, connected, and secure environment for IoT devices by integrating Mbed tools and services.
Microsoft’s Azure IoT Suite is a platform that consists of a set of services that enables users to interact with and receive data from their IoT devices, as well as perform various operations over data, such as multidimensional analysis, transformation and aggregation, and visualize those operations in a way that’s suitable for business.
Google’s Brillo/Weave is a platform for the rapid implementation of IoT applications. The platform consists of two main backbones: Brillo, an Android-based OS for the development of embedded low-power devices, and Weave, an IoT-oriented communication protocol that serves as the communication language between the device and the cloud.
Calvin is an open source IoT platform released by Ericsson designed for building and managing distributed applications that enable devices to talk to each other. Calvin includes a development framework for application developers, as well as a runtime environment for handling the running application.
IoT security and privacy issues
The internet of things connects billions of devices to the internet and involves the use of billions of data points, all of which need to be secured. Due to its expanded attack surface, IoT security and IoT privacy are cited as major concerns.
In 2016, one of the most notorious recent IoT attacks was Mirai, a botnet that infiltrated domain name server provider Dyn and took down many websites for an extended period of time in one of the biggest distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks ever seen. Attackers gained access to the network by exploiting poorly secured IoT devices.
Because IoT devices are closely connected, all a hacker has to do is exploit one vulnerability to manipulate all the data, rendering it unusable. Manufacturers that don’t update their devices regularly — or at all — leave them vulnerable to cybercriminals.
Additionally, connected devices often ask users to input their personal information, including names, ages, addresses, phone numbers and even social media accounts — information that’s invaluable to hackers.
Hackers aren’t the only threat to the internet of things; privacy is another major concern for IoT users. For instance, companies that make and distribute consumer IoT devices could use those devices to obtain and sell users’ personal data.
Beyond leaking personal data, IoT poses a risk to critical infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and inimical services.
What is the history of IoT?
Kevin Ashton, co-founder of the Auto-ID Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), first mentioned the internet of things in a presentation he made to Procter &Gamble (P&G) in 1999. Wanting to bring radio frequency ID (RFID) to the attention of P&G’s senior management, Ashton called his presentation “Internet of Things” to incorporate the cool new trend of 1999: the internet. MIT professor Neil Gerstenfeld’s book, When Things Start to Think, also appeared in 1999. It didn’t use the exact term but provided a clear vision of where IoT was headed.
IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, microelectromechanical systems, microservices and the internet. The convergence has helped tear down the silos between operational technology and information technology enabling unstructured machine-generated data to be analyzed for insights to drive improvements.
Although Ashton’s was the first mention of the internet of things, the idea of connected devices has been around since the 1970s, under the monikers embedded internet and pervasive computing.
The first internet appliance, for example, was a Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University in the early 1980s. Using the web, programmers could check the status of the machine and determine whether there would be a cold drink awaiting them, should they decide to make the trip to the machine.
IoT evolved from M2M communication, i.e., machines connecting to each other via a network without human interaction. M2M refers to connecting a device to the cloud, managing it, and collecting data.
Taking M2M to the next level, IoT is a sensor network of billions of smart devices that connect people, systems, and other applications to collect and share data. As its foundation, M2M offers the connectivity that enables IoT.
The internet of things is also a natural extension of supervisory control and data acquisition, a category of software application programs for process control, the gathering of data in real time from remote locations to control equipment and conditions. supervisory control and data acquisition systems include hardware and software components. The hardware gathers and feeds data into a computer that has supervisory control and data acquisition software installed, where it is then processed and presented in a timely manner. The evolution of supervisory control and data acquisition is such that late-generation supervisory control and data acquisition systems developed into first-generation IoT systems.
The concept of the IoT ecosystem, however, didn’t really come into its own until the middle of 2010 when, in part, the government of China said it would make IoT a strategic priority in its five-year plan.
Challenges and Considerations: While the potential benefits of IoT are significant, there are several challenges that must be addressed for responsible and inclusive implementation. Privacy and security concerns surrounding the massive amounts of data collected by IoT devices require robust safeguards and regulations. Additionally, the ethical implications of IoT, such as data ownership, consent, and algorithmic bias, need careful consideration to ensure fair and equitable outcomes. Moreover, addressing the digital divide and ensuring accessibility for all segments of society is crucial to prevent exacerbating existing inequalities.
Future Directions: As IoT continues to evolve, several key areas are likely to shape its future trajectory. Edge computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology hold the potential to enhance the capabilities and security of IoT systems. Additionally, the integration of IoT with other emerging technologies such as 5G, augmented reality, and virtual reality can unlock new possibilities and applications. Collaborative efforts between governments, industries, and academia will be essential to drive innovation, standardization, and the development of ethical frameworks.
